In response to the escalating temperatures and the severe heatwave gripping several parts of India, the National Programme on Climate Change and Human Health (NPCCHH) has issued an urgent public health advisory. This advisory aims to provide crucial guidelines to the general population, vulnerable groups, employers, and workers to mitigate the health impacts of extreme heat.
Recommendations for the General Population
Stay Hydrated:
- Drink sufficient water regularly, regardless of thirst.
- Carry water while traveling and consume Oral Rehydration Solutions (ORS) or homemade drinks like lemon water and buttermilk.
- Eat seasonal fruits and vegetables with high water content such as watermelon, muskmelon, oranges, and cucumbers.
Stay Covered:
- Wear loose, light-colored cotton clothing.
- Use umbrellas, hats, or traditional headgear to shield from direct sunlight.
- Avoid walking barefoot and wear appropriate footwear.
Stay Indoors:
- Remain in well-ventilated, cool areas.
- Block direct sunlight by keeping windows and curtains closed during the day and opening them at night to let in cooler air.
- Limit outdoor activities to early morning or late evening when temperatures are lower.
Special Guidelines for Vulnerable Populations
Certain groups, including infants, young children, pregnant women, the elderly, individuals with mental illnesses or chronic physical conditions, and those unaccustomed to hot climates, are at higher risk of heat-related illnesses. Special precautions include:
- Regular monitoring of the elderly or sick individuals living alone.
- Gradual acclimatization for travelers from cooler climates.
- Using cooling techniques like fans, damp cloths, and immersion of feet in cool water.
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Employer and Worker Safety Measures
For those working outdoors or in high-temperature environments, the advisory emphasizes:
- Provision of cool drinking water and frequent hydration reminders.
- Scheduling strenuous activities during cooler parts of the day.
- Ensuring shaded work areas and increasing rest breaks.
- Training workers to recognize heat illness symptoms and implementing a buddy system.
Precautions During Mass Gatherings and Sporting Events
Crowded situations can exacerbate the risk of heat-related illnesses. Attendees should:
- Stay hydrated and seek medical care if symptoms of heat stress arise.
- Organizers should provide ample water, shade, and emergency medical services on-site.
Recognizing and Responding to Heat-Related Illnesses
Heat-related illnesses range from mild heat rashes to severe heat stroke. Symptoms include dizziness, nausea, headaches, extreme thirst, rapid heartbeat, and confusion. Immediate actions include:
- Moving to a cool place and hydrating.
- Seeking medical attention if symptoms persist.
- Using cooling techniques such as applying cold water and fanning.
The NPCCHH stresses that heatstroke is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention. For severe cases, contact emergency services and cool the affected person while waiting for help.
For further information and updates, the public is advised to follow local weather reports and visit the India Meteorological Department’s website at https://mausam.imd.gov.in/.
Stay safe and vigilant as we navigate through this period of extreme heat.
